- Health. Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not simply the absence of disease or infirmity. The understanding of health has shifted over time. The development of digital-based health technology has made it possible for everyone to study and assess themselves, and actively participate in the health promotion movement. Various social factors affect health conditions, such as individual behavior, social conditions, genetics and biology, health care, and the physical environment.
- Definition
- In 1948, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as “physical, mental and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity”. While this definition was welcomed by some and seen as innovative, it has also been criticized for being vague, too broad, and not quantified. Some scientists put forward other definitions of health, such as “a condition characterized by anatomical integrity; the ability to perform roles in family, work, and society that are personally valued; the ability to withstand physical, biological, and social stress; a sense of well-being; and freedom.” from the risk of disease and premature death.” Increasingly, disease is no longer seen as a condition, but a process. This shift in perspective also occurs in health. In the early 1980s, WHO encouraged the development of the health promotion movement. This movement allows people to increase control over their health and improve their individual health status. To realize a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, as defined by the WHO definition of health, a person or group of people needs to have the ability to identify and realize aspirations, meet needs, and change or cope with their environment. Health is seen as a resource for everyday life, not a purpose of life. To make it happen, there are several prerequisites that need to be met, namely peace, shelter, education, food, income, a stable ecosystem, sustainable resources, as well as social justice and equality.
- Social Determinants. The background and context of a person’s life greatly affect their health status and quality of life. Health is not only maintained and improved through the advancement and application of health sciences, but also through the lifestyle of an individual and the surrounding community. According to WHO, the social determinants of health are the conditions that a person experiences when he is born, grows, works, lives and ages, as well as the broader set of forces and systems that shape the conditions of daily life. This condition is shaped by the distribution of money, power, and resources at the global, national and local levels. These conditions are largely responsible for health disparities, both within a country and between countries. More specific key factors that influence whether a person is healthy or unhealthy include income and social status, social support networks, education and literacy, employment/working conditions, social environment, physical environment, personal health practices and problem solving skills, childhood development health, biological and genetic conditions, health care, gender, and culture. A growing number of studies and reports examine the relationship between health and various factors, including lifestyle, environment, health care facilities, and health policy. One of the specific policies that many countries have made in recent years is the imposition of a tax on sugar. Sugary drinks have also begun to be taxed and have begun to be targeted by the anti-obesity movement due to growing evidence showing a link between high-sugar drinks and obesity. Genetics, or inherited traits from parents, also play a role in determining the health status of individuals and populations. This includes predispositions to certain diseases and health conditions, as well as habits and behaviors that a person develops as a result of their family’s lifestyle. For example, genetics can influence how a person copes with stress, whether mental, emotional, or physical. For example, obesity is a significant problem that contributes to poor mental health and causes stress in many people’s lives.
- Global health is collaborative research and action across countries to promote health for all. Health issues that transcend national borders or have global political and economic implications are often emphasized. The World Health Report series published by WHO focuses on global health issues, including access to health services and efforts to improve public health, especially in developing countries.
The Global Health Security Agenda (GHSA) is a multi-sectoral effort by more than 60 countries and a number of international organizations that focuses on building health resilience in the face of infectious disease threats. Meanwhile, in 2000, members of the United Nations (UN) set the Millennium Development Goals. which contains challenges that will be realized by mankind in 2015. This target is then followed by the Sustainable Development Goals in the form of 17 targets to be achieved by 2030, including a healthy and prosperous life.
- Mental health. Mental health is one of the elements included by WHO in the definition of health. Mental health or mental health is defined by the World Health Organization as “a state of well-being in which an individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community”. Mental health is not simply the absence of mental disorders. Various social, psychological, and biological factors determine a person’s mental health. Persistent violence and economic pressure pose a risk to mental health, while sexual violence is the factor most associated with poor mental health. Other influential factors include rapid social change, stressful working conditions, gender discrimination, social exclusion, unhealthy lifestyles, poor physical health, and human rights violations. Mental disorders come in various forms, which are generally characterized by a combination of abnormal thoughts, perceptions, emotions, behavior and relationships with other people. In 2001, the WHO estimated that one in four people had suffered from a mental or neurological disorder at some point in their lives.
- Physical training
- Physical exercise improves or maintains physical fitness and health, as well as overall well-being. These activities strengthen muscles and improve the performance of the cardiovascular system. According to the National Institutes of Health, there are four types of physical exercise: endurance, strength, flexibility, and balance.
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